Know the types of meaning in ssemantics

Group 2 :      Amry Muqtashid

                       Hifni Khotibul Umam

                       Elpasari Permata

Types Of Meaning

A.     Definition Of Meaning

Meaning is an inseparable part of semantics and is always attached to whatever we say. The meaning of meaning is very diverse. Ferdinand de Saussure revealed, as quoted by Abdul Chaer, meaning as an understanding or concept that is owned or contained in a linguistics sign.

                            

       B. Types Of Meaning

            There are several types of meaning, according to leech, types of meaning are connotative, conceptual, stylistic, affective, reflective, collocative, and thematic meaning.

1.  Connotative Is associative meaning, meaning arising from social attitudes, personal attitudes, and additional criteria imposed on the meaning of conceptual meanings.

For instance: washroom means washroom (denotative), but washroom means also toilet  (connotative)

2. Conceptual Meaning Namely the meaning that emphasize the logical meaning. Sometimes this meaning is called 'denotative' or 'cognitive' meaning. Although in fact there is possibility that there are differences in conceptual meanings in every language user, in this study it is assumed that conceptual meanings are meanings written in a dictionary.

For instance : Mother = a woman who has child or has someone.

3.  Affective is the meaning that reflects the personal feelings of the speaker, including his attitude towards the listener, or his attitude towords something he says.

Example: Come to our ' hut 'house

               Frase = hut     

Affective meaning = humble themeselve. That means those who say like this want  to  humble themeselve.

4. Reflective Meaning Is the meaning that arises in terms of multiple conceptual meanings, if an understanding of a word in its use automatically raises some of our responses to other meanings. This meaning is often also understood as a suggestion contained in a language usage. Multiple conceptual meaning For example, the literal, dictionary definition of the gay is happy or bright (colours)  though  in society use today it has a much different meaning.

5.  Collocative meaning refers to associations of a word because of its usual or habitual co-occurance with certain types of word. Pretty and handsome indicate good looking.

6. Thematic Meaning Is the latter type, namely the meaning that is communcated according to the way the speaker or writter organizes his message, in the sense of sequence, focus and emphasis. Notice the subtle difference in emphasis between these sentence:

      a.       My studies are important to me.

      b.      What’s important to me are my studies.

      A writer or speaker can imbue emphasis by how he or she ends a sentence or paraghraph.

7.  Stylistic meaning Is the meaning of a word that indicates the users social environment. The existence of several uttarances or words as dialects, shows the origin of speakers according to geographical or social environment. This meaning also shows something about the social relationship between the speaker and the listener.

      Example :

      1. Stylistic comparison : - Doing what is most hated is like swallowing a torn

      2. Stylistic repetition : - I will wait for you even for hours, days, months or years

   - Goodby my beloved, goodby my adoration, goodby my idol, may you calm    down by his side.

     3. Stylistic conflict : - So neat your writing, until i am confused about where to  start reading.  

                                       - This room is very clean, no items are arranged properly.                                     

The Difference Between Semantics and Pragmatics

Group 1 : M. Najmudin
                  Aisyah Rahma Fauziah
                  Izzatuddini Islamiati

        Semantics VS Pragmatics 

      A.    Semantics

Semantics means the meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence structure. Semantics largely determine our reading comprehension, how we understand others, and even what decisions we make as a result of our interpretations. (William Shakespeare)

So semantics are learning about the meaning used to understand the language spoken by the speaker

Example:

The word ' pipis ', in Sundanese the word means ' kencing ', but in Balinese language the word is ' uang jajan '. Another example of ' frog ', in Sundanese means ' to take something from a pocket ', while in Bahasa Indonesia means ' frog '.

B.     Pragmatic

Yule (1996:3) mentions 4 pragmatic Definitions:

(1) A field that examines the meaning of the Speaker,

(2) The field that examines meaning according to its context; 

(3) A field that exceeds the study of the meaning of being deposited, examines the meaning communicated or communicated by the Speaker, and

(4) The field that examines the form of expression according to the social distance limiting the participants involved in the conversation Certain.

Example: Bu, nasi kuningnya dua.

The sentence above is a common sentence used in a variety of spoken languages. In writing, the above sentence may have a less obvious meaning, especially in part two (whether two packs, or two plastic bags?). However, pragmatic, the above sentence has a clear meaning in which the meaning of the above sentence itself is Bu, I ordered the rice two packs.

Is there any oppinion that can describe what is semantic and pragmatic as well as a simpler example?.....................................................................

There are four areas that pragmatics is concerned with.

            1. Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning.

            2. Pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning

            3. Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than  is said.

4. Pragmatics is the study of the expression of relative distance.

C. Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning.

Pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or writer). It has, consequently, more to do with the analysis of what people mean by their utterance than what the words or phrases in those utterances might mean by themselves.

D. Pragmatics is the study of contextual meaning

This type of study necessarily involves the interpretation of what people mean in a particular context and how the context influences what is said. It requires consideration of how speakers organize what they want to say in accordance with who they are talking to, where ,when, and what circumstances.

E.     Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than is said

This approach also necessarily explores how listeners can make inferences about what is said in order to arrive at an interpretation of the speaker’s intended meaning. This type of study explores how a great deal of what is unsaid is recognized as part of what is communicated. We might say that it is the investigation of invisible meaning.

F.     Pragmatics is the study of the expresion of relative distance

This perspective than raises the question of what determines the choice between the said and unsaid. The basic answer is tied to the notion of distance. Closeness, whether it is physical, social, or conceptual, implies shared experience. On the assumption of how close or distant the listener is, speakers determine how much needs to be said.