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Relationship Between Entailment and Presupposition
In pragmatis Presupposition is what the speaker
assumes to be the casepriorto making anutterance. Entailment, whichis not a
pragmatic concept is what logically follows from what isasserted in the utterance.
Speakers have presuppositions while sentences,
not speakers, have entailments. Take a look at the example below:
Jane's brother bought twoapartments.
This
sentence presupposes that Jane exists and that she has a brother. The speake rmay
also hold the more specific presupposition that she has only a
brother and her brother has a lot of money. All
these presuppositions are held by the speaker and allof them can be wrong.
Entailment
Inentailment is the relationship between two
sentences where the truth of one (A) requires the truth of the other (B). For
example, the sentence (A) The president was assassinated. entails
(B) The presidentis dead.
Presupposition
The concept of presupposition is
often treated as therelationship between two propositions. In the case below,
we have a sentence that contains a proposition (p) and another proposition (q),
which is easily presupposed by any listener. However, the speaker can produce a
sentence by denying the proposition (p), obtaining as a result the same presupposition
(q).
Debora's
cat iscute. (p)
Debora has a cat. (q)
When
I say that Debora' s cat iscute, this sentence presupposes that Debora has a
cat. In
Debora' s cat is not cute.
Linguistic entailments occur when one may draw necessary
conclusions from a particularuse of a word, phrase or sentence. Entailment phrases are relations between propositions,
and are always worded as, "if A then B," meaning that if A istrue,
then B must also betrue. Another way of phrasing
thisis, "if A istrue, then B must necessarily be true.
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